BROWN, Judge.
Stephen Brakie appeals his conviction for child molesting as a class A felony,
We affirm.
In 2011, James Johnson, Jr., and Laura Martin were engaged to be married and lived with Johnson's three daughters including four-year-old N.J., who was born on November 29, 2006. At some point, Johnson told Martin that the last time Brakie, a friend of the family, was at their house something had come up missing, and he believed Brakie "maybe ... took it," and Martin should watch Brakie. Transcript at 141.
On October 30, 2011, Brakie went over to Johnson's house at around 5:30 p.m. Martin was looking through boxes in the bedroom she shares with Johnson, and Johnson was cleaning out the van outside by the side of the house. N.J. was with Brakie, and Johnson's two other daughters were outside playing on the swing set in the back yard. At some point, Brakie asked Martin if he could have their puppy, and Martin said that he would have to ask Johnson.
At some point, Brakie went into Martin's bedroom, and Martin told him that he should "go out there with James" because she was busy. Id. Brakie picked up N.J., put her over his shoulder, and said, "Let's go outside and play...." Id. at 142.
Instead of going outside with N.J.'s other sisters, Brakie and N.J. went to the back room, and Brakie pushed N.J. down and removed her tights. Brakie put a screwdriver in her "privacy" or crotch area of her body and this hurt N.J. "[a] lot." Id. at 207. N.J. was scared, and Brakie told her that if she told anybody that he would give her a "butt whipping." Id. at 208. Brakie was with N.J. for between five and twenty-five minutes.
Martin continued unpacking the boxes and cleaning until Johnson's two other daughters came to her and said that N.J.'s "privacy was bleeding."
Meanwhile, Johnson, who was still cleaning out his van, saw Brakie leave and walk back down an alley. Martin came outside and was "kind of hysterical" and told Johnson that he needed to come inside and check on N.J. Id. at 172. When Martin first asked N.J. what happened, N.J. stated that she fell on a tool. Martin said, "Did something else happen to you ... [y]ou can tell me the truth, you don't have to be scared," and N.J., who seemed rather nervous, said "Yeah" and told Martin that Brakie hurt her. Id. at 144. Martin and Johnson then asked N.J. what had happened, and N.J. said that Brakie "had stuck something up her privacy," which she sometime later described as a green
Sometime that evening, Kathalene Keller, a sexual assault nurse examiner and an emergency room nurse, examined N.J. and observed that she had no bruising or trauma to her external genitalia but had a very large tear that was still actively bleeding to the posterior fourchette which "almost extend[ed] into her rectum" and an abrasion next to her hymen. Id. at 284. Keller also observed a lot of redness on N.J.'s internal genitalia. N.J. was "very adamant" that the examination was "very painful" and was "very tearful throughout the entire examination," so that Keller had to take a lot of breaks. Id. at 286-287. Keller did not ask N.J. any specific questions, but N.J. told Keller that Brakie used a screwdriver.
On November 1, 2011, Jenny Wood, a child forensic interviewer and an employee of Holly's House, a child and adult advocacy center located in Evansville, interviewed N.J. N.J. initially told Wood that she fell, that Brakie pushed her, she fell to the ground and was hurt, and that Brakie pulled down her tights. She told Wood that Brakie "made her privacy bleed ... by tools." Id. at 219. Wood showed N.J. an anatomically correct drawing of a girl and asked her where she was hurt, and N.J. circled the vagina area. N.J. described a green screwdriver and a tool "that was gray with pink on it" and brown. Id. at 237. N.J. also mentioned that Brakie inserted a lot of things into her.
On December 2, 2011, the State filed an amended information charging Brakie with child molesting as a class A felony. At trial, N.J. testified that Brakie put a screwdriver in her "privacy," which she indicated was the crotch area of her body, and that it hurt a lot. Id. at 207. When asked how an injury such as N.J.'s would occur, Keller answered that "to cause a tear to the posterior fourchette there would have to [be] pressure or blunt force trauma applied to the internal genitalia, the female sex organ." Id. at 282. Keller also testified that N.J.'s injuries were not consistent with a straddle fall, explaining that:
Id. at 285. Keller also testified that N.J.'s injuries were consistent with a tool being used and with someone trying to push an object into her vagina, and that "That would be the only way that you could actually get tearing to the posterior fourchette is when an object is attempted to placed [sic] into the hymen, which is actually the entrance to the vaginal canal." Id. at 286.
On December 12, 2012, Brakie tendered a final instruction regarding the presumption of innocence. The court refused to give the instruction and stated:
Id. at 359. Defense counsel argued that the proposed instruction had been used in multiple courts and was appropriate to give in this case. The court responded by stating:
Id. at 361.
The jury found Brakie guilty as charged. The court sentenced Brakie to serve thirty years in the Department of Correction.
The first issue is whether the trial court abused its discretion by rejecting Brakie's proposed instruction regarding the presumption of innocence. Generally, "[t]he purpose of an instruction is to inform the jury of the law applicable to the facts without misleading the jury and to enable it to comprehend the case clearly and arrive at a just, fair, and correct verdict." Overstreet v. State, 783 N.E.2d 1140, 1163 (Ind.2003), cert. denied, 540 U.S. 1150, 124 S.Ct. 1145, 157 L.Ed.2d 1044 (2004). Instruction of the jury is generally within the discretion of the trial court and is reviewed only for an abuse of that discretion. Id. at 1163-1164. When reviewing the refusal to give a proposed instruction, this court considers: (1) whether the proposed instruction correctly states the law; (2) whether the evidence supports giving the instruction; and (3) whether other instructions already given cover the substance of the proposed instruction. Driver v. State, 760 N.E.2d 611, 612 (Ind.2002). Generally, to constitute an abuse of discretion, the instruction given must be erroneous, and the instructions taken as a whole must misstate the law or otherwise mislead the jury. Benefiel v. State, 716 N.E.2d 906, 914 (Ind.1999), reh'g denied, cert. denied, 531 U.S. 830, 121 S.Ct. 83, 148 L.Ed.2d 45 (2000).
An error is to be disregarded as harmless unless it affects the substantial rights of a party. Oatts v. State, 899 N.E.2d 714, 727 (Ind.Ct.App.2009); Ind. Trial Rule 61. "Errors in the giving or refusing of instructions are harmless where a conviction is clearly sustained by the evidence and the jury could not properly have found otherwise." Dill v. State, 741 N.E.2d 1230, 1233 (Ind.2001).
Brakie tendered the following jury instruction:
Appellant's Appendix at 21.
Brakie cites Robey v. State, 454 N.E.2d 1221 (Ind.1983); Lee v. State, 964 N.E.2d 859 (Ind.Ct.App.2012), trans. denied; and Matheny v. State, 983 N.E.2d 672 (Ind.Ct. App.2013), clarified on reh'g, 987 N.E.2d 1169, trans. denied, for the proposition that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing his tendered instruction.
At trial, the court issued certain relevant instructions, instructing the jury as part of the preliminary instructions and the final instructions that "[u]nder the law of this State a person charged with a crime is presumed to be innocent" and that "[y]ou should attempt to fit the evidence to the presumption that Stephen J. Brakie is innocent...." Transcript at 101. The court also informed the jury of the State's burden as follows:
Id. at 426-427.
In Robey, the defendant tendered a jury instruction stating:
454 N.E.2d at 1222. The Court held that when such an instruction, "which advises the jury that the presumption of innocence prevails until the close of the trial, and that it is the duty of the jury to reconcile the evidence upon the theory of the defendant's innocence if they could do so, must be given if requested." Id. (citing Farley v. State, 127 Ind. 419, 26 N.E. 898 (1891); Simmons v. State, 179 Ind.App. 342, 385 N.E.2d 225 (1979)).
In Farley, upon which Robey principally relies, the Indiana Supreme Court noted that although the trial court "gave general instructions to the effect that the defendant is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt," the instructions did not address "the principle" put forward by the defendant's tendered instruction, namely, "that the presumption of innocence prevails throughout the trial, and that it was the duty of the jury to reconcile the evidence upon the theory of the defendant's innocence, if they could do so." 127 Ind. at 420-421, 26 N.E. at 899.
We observe that unlike the instruction tendered by the defendant in Robey, the instruction tendered by Brakie did not include the advisement that the presumption of innocence prevails until the close of the trial. Moreover, Brakie's counsel did not object to the instructions for the failure to include such an advisement. Thus, we focus on whether the trial court properly instructed the jury of the duty to reconcile the evidence upon the theory of the defendant's innocence if they could do so, which is the essence of Brakie's tendered instruction. See Scisney v. State, 701 N.E.2d 847, 849 (Ind.1998) ("We hold that appellate review of a claim of error in the giving of a jury instruction requires a timely trial objection clearly identifying both the claimed objectionable matter and the grounds for the objection, but that the tender of a proposed alternative instruction is not necessarily required to preserve the claim of error.").
We find Simpson v. State, 915 N.E.2d 511 (Ind.Ct.App.2009), trans. denied, instructive. In Simpson, the defendant tendered a similar final instruction to the one requested by Brakie, specifically the following:
915 N.E.2d at 518. The trial court refused the instruction and instructed the jury as follows:
Id. at 518-519. On appeal, the defendant argued that while the court's instruction informed the jury to fit the evidence to the presumption of innocence, none of the court's instructions or combination of instructions informed the jury of their duty when the case is susceptible of two constructions or interpretations. Id. at 519. This court agreed with the State that the holding in Robey simply required an instruction that the jury should fit the evidence to the presumption that a defendant is innocent and concluded that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in refusing the defendant's instruction. Id. at 520.
Here, we find that the court's instructions adequately instructed the jury on the presumption of innocence. Specifically, the court instructed the jury that under the law of this State a person charged with a crime is presumed to be innocent and that "[y]ou should attempt to fit the evidence to the presumption that Stephen J. Brakie is innocent...." Transcript at 101, 426. This instruction satisfied the Indiana Supreme Court's holding in Robey that the jury should fit the evidence to the presumption that a defendant is innocent. See Smith v. State, 981 N.E.2d 1262, 1269 (Ind.Ct.App.2013) (holding that an instruction that the jury "should attempt to fit the evidence to the presumption that the Defendant is innocent" satisfied the holding in Robey and concluding that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to use the defendant's tendered instruction because the substance of that instruction was covered by instructions given by the court), trans. denied; Simpson, 915 N.E.2d at 520; Watson v. State, 512 N.E.2d 885, 888 (Ind.Ct.App. 1987) (holding that the court did not err in refusing to give the defendant's tendered instruction which was based upon Farley because "the substance of the refused instruction was adequately covered"). We cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion in declining to give Brakie's tendered instruction or that reversal is warranted on this basis.
To the extent that Brakie cites Matheny, we do not find that reversal is required. Brakie appears to argue that the instruction in Matheny was incomplete as opposed to his complete instruction. The court in Matheny found that the defendant's tendered instruction was incomplete based upon Simpson. 983 N.E.2d at 680. However, as pointed out in Matheny, incompleteness was one of two reasons that the Simpson court affirmed the trial court's refusal of the tendered instruction. Matheny, 983 N.E.2d at 680 n. 6. The Simpson court explained:
The State contends that Simpson's tendered instruction was "incomplete because it failed to inform the jury that
Simpson, 915 N.E.2d at 520. We cannot say that the fact that Brakie's tendered instruction was more complete than the instruction tendered by the defendant in Simpson requires reversal because we conclude that the trial court's instructions informed the jury of the duty to reconcile the evidence upon the theory of the defendant's innocence if they could do so, which was one of the court's bases for affirming in Simpson. We also observe that the instruction in Matheny indicated that the presumption of innocence continues in favor of the accused throughout the trial, 983 N.E.2d at 678, and, as clarified by the court on rehearing, the instructions that the trial court gave the jury did not adequately convey the substance of Matheny's tendered instructions. 987 N.E.2d at 1172. Unlike Matheny, the instruction tendered by Brakie did not include the advisement that the presumption of innocence prevails until the close of the trial, and, moreover, Brakie's counsel did not object to the instructions for the failure to include such an advisement.
With respect to Brakie's reliance on Lee v. State, 964 N.E.2d 859 (Ind.Ct.App.2012), trans. denied, we find Lee distinguishable. In Lee, the defendant's tendered instruction was more extensive and included the idea that the presumption continues in favor of the accused throughout the trial. 964 N.E.2d at 863. Further, the trial court in Lee did not inform the jury that it "should attempt to fit the evidence to the presumption" that the defendant was innocent as the trial court did in this case. Transcript at 101. Thus, we cannot say as we did in Lee that the trial court's instructions "do not satisfy Robey's dictate that a jury be specifically instructed, if requested by a defendant, `that the jury should fit the evidence to the presumption that a defendant is innocent....'" 964 N.E.2d at 865 (quoting Simpson, 915 N.E.2d at 520).
The next issue is whether the evidence is sufficient to sustain Brakie's conviction for child molesting as a class A felony. When reviewing the claim of sufficiency of the evidence, we do not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. Jones v. State, 783 N.E.2d 1132, 1139 (Ind.2003). We look only to the probative evidence supporting the verdict and the reasonable inferences therein to determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could conclude the defendant was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. If there is substantial evidence of probative value to support the conviction, it will not be set aside. Id. Ind.Code § 35-42-4-3 provides in part: "[a] person who, with a child under fourteen (14) years of age, performs or submits to sexual intercourse or deviate sexual conduct commits child molesting, a Class B felony" and that "[h]owever, the offense is a Class A felony if ... it results in serious bodily injury...."
Brakie argues that the evidence is insufficient to support his conviction because "all of the testimony regarding any of the elements of I.C. 35-42-4-3 or of the alleged incident is based upon the testimony
The State argues that the incredible dubiosity rule does not apply, that the rule is limited to cases where a sole witness presents inherently contradictory testimony, and that N.J.'s trial testimony was not inherently contradictory, equivocal, or unworthy of credit. The State also contends that N.J.'s trial testimony is not incredibly dubious merely because she made inconsistent pretrial statements and that it was for the jury to resolve any conflicting evidence.
To the extent Brakie asserts that the incredible dubiosity rule requires reversal of his conviction, we note that the rule applies only in very narrow circumstances. See Love v. State, 761 N.E.2d 806, 810 (Ind.2002). The rule is expressed as follows:
Id.
Brakie points to the testimony of Martin, Johnson, N.J., and Wood for the idea that N.J. told at least three different stories. On the pages cited by Brakie referring to N.J.'s testimony, N.J. testified that Brakie hurt her in the back room by putting a screwdriver in her vagina and that she told her mother that she fell down. On redirect examination, N.J. indicated that Brakie pushed her down, pulled down her tights, and stuck something into her vagina which hurt. N.J. also testified that she was scared to tell her mother that Brakie pushed her down and tried to stick something in her, and she testified on direct examination that Brakie had told her that if she told anyone he would give her a "butt whipping." Transcript at 208.
Brakie fails to show that the testimony of N.J. was inherently contradictory. To the extent her testimony conflicted with the testimony of Martin, Johnson, or Wood, or considering Brakie's argument that N.J.'s testimony was less believable, we note that this is an issue of witness credibility. The function of weighing witness credibility lies with the trier of fact, not this court. Whited v. State, 645 N.E.2d 1138, 1141 (Ind.Ct.App.1995). We cannot reweigh the evidence and judge the credibility of the witnesses. See Jones, 783 N.E.2d at 1139. Further, we cannot say that N.J.'s testimony that Brakie pushed her down, removed her tights, and stuck a screwdriver into her vagina was so inherently improbable that no reasonable person could believe it. Brakie does not show how the testimony against him was somehow internally inconsistent and has not shown N.J.'s testimony to be incredibly dubious. We also note that Keller, the sexual assault nurse examiner, examined N.J. and observed that she had no bruising to her external genitalia, but had a very large tear that was still actively bleeding which almost extended to her rectum, and that N.J.'s injuries were not consistent with a straddle fall but instead were consistent with a tool being used and with someone trying to push an object into her vagina.
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm Brakie's conviction for child molesting as a class A felony.
Affirmed.
ROBB, C.J., and BARNES, J., concur.
Transcript at 153.